Received: DecemAccepted: MaPublished: March 23, 2016Ĭopyright: © 2016 Orlova et al. PLoS ONE 11(3):Įditor: Irving Coy Allen, Virginia Tech University, UNITED STATES (2016) Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD): A True Metric for Comparing Biomarker Expression Levels in Cell Populations. Well known as an informative quantitative measure of differences between distributions, we present three exemplary studies showing that EMD 1) reveals clinically-relevant shifts in two markers on blood basophils responding to an offending allergen 2) shows that ablative tumor radiation induces significant changes in the murine colon cancer tumor microenvironment and, 3) ranks immunological differences in mouse peritoneal cavity cells harvested from three genetically distinct mouse strains.Ĭitation: Orlova DY, Zimmerman N, Meehan S, Meehan C, Waters J, Ghosn EEB, et al. Here we introduce flow cytometry data analysis pipeline which includes the Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD) metric as solution to this problem. However, although the currently available computational “gating” tools accurately reveal subset frequencies and marker expression levels, they fail to enable statistically reliable judgements as to whether these frequencies and expression levels differ significantly between/among subject groups. Changes in the frequencies of cell subsets that (co)express characteristic biomarkers, or levels of the biomarkers on the subsets, are widely used as indices of drug response, disease prognosis, stem cell reconstitution, etc.
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